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Part of the pipe between the engine and the silencer is often flexible metal industrial ducting, which helps to avoid vibration from the engine being transferred into the exhaust system. This sheath may be chrome plated as a display feature. Often in such trucks the silencer is surrounded by a perforated metal sheath to avoid people getting burnt touching the hot silencer. In many trucks / lorries all or most of the exhaust system is visible, often with a vertical exhaust pipe. In the past, these bikes would come as standard with a single exhaust muffler, a practice that lasted until the early 2000's, when EU noise and pollution regulations mostly stopped this practice, forcing companies to use other methods to increase performance of the motorcycle. A "full system" may be bought as an aftermarket accessory, also called a 4-2-1 or 4-1, depending on its layout.
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4 cylinder machines, super-sport bikes like Kawasaki's ZX series, Honda's CBR series, Yamaha's YZF series, latterly titled R6 and R1, and Suzuki's GSX-R, often have a twin exhaust system. A twin cylinder bike may have independent exhaust sections, as seen in the Kawasaki EX250 (also known as the Ninja 250 in the US, or the GPX 250), or alternatively a single exhaust section known as a two-into-one (2-1).
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Motorcycle exhausts come in many varieties depending on the type of engine and its intended use. Aftermarket exhausts may be made from steel, aluminium, titanium, or carbon fiber. In most motorcycles all or most of the exhaust system is visible and may be chrome plated as a display feature. In China, China 5 In European countries, EURO 5 In India, BS-4, etc., Also this should meet the regulation norms maintained in each country. For the internal combustion engine it is important to have the exhaust system "tuned" (refer to tuned exhaust) for optimal efficiency. A chimney serves as an exhaust pipe in a stationary structure. Also, the gases from most types of machines are very hot the pipe must be heat-resistant, and it must not pass through or near anything that can burn or can be damaged by heat. Indoor generators and furnaces can quickly fill an enclosed space with poisonous exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, if they are not properly vented to the outdoors. 2.4 With or without catalytic converterĪn exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and/or noxious gases away from the users of the machine.The fabricated hybrid 82 G F/15CFF/3nHA composite material may effectively be utilized for the development of renewable, eco–friendly biocomposites with exceptional performances. Further, the presence of voids in the hybrid 82 G F/15CFF/3nHA composite bike silencer showed higher absorption capacity with effective reduction of toxic CO, HC, O 2, and CO 2 pollutants as well as remarkable heat releasing capacity, as compared to the steel silencer. The observed von–Mises stress, maximum displacement, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio values were 6.9260 MPa, 0.8661 mm, 13.90 GPa, and 0.39, respectively. The hybrid 82 G F/15CFF/3HA composite material showed optimum tensile strength and yield strength values of 167.00 and 58.10 MPa, respectively. The 3D modeling, design, and fabrication of a prototype bike silencer were undertaken, using Suzuki Samurai as a reference model specimen. The hybrid composites were prepared from epoxy resin reinforced with synthetic inorganic glass fibers (GF) and natural organic CFFs (with 5, 10, and 20 % composition) together with 3 % of nano–hydroxyapatite (nHA) as a catalytic filler. In this study, the replacement of man–made fiber materials with polymer matrix composites using natural waste chicken feather fiber (CFF) based reinforced lightweight epoxy hybrid composite materials were prepared for the development of a prototype bike silencer. The fiber materials are derived from natural plant materials (e.g., coir, jute, and bamboo) and animal waste products which show excellent physico–chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties compared to man–made fibers. Recently, the significant development and advantages of bioactive natural composite materials have been employed in modern engineering constructions, aerospace, packing industries, automotive fields, and more.